Author Topic: Carthage and the Quinquegentiani  (Read 6095 times)

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Offline Victor

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Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« on: April 05, 2019, 11:58:47 AM »
The Quinquegentiani (People of the Five Tribes) were a confederation of Berbers in North Africa. They were under Roman rule, but rebelled in A.D. 289 and were successful for a few years until Maximianus Herculius launched a series of devastating attacks starting in A.D. 296-297 and finishing in A.D. 298, after which, the Quinquegentiani were never heard of again. "On 10 March (A.D. 298) Herculius entered Carthage in triumph after the completion of his African campaign"  RIC VI pg 23


The coinage from Carthage struck during this period references the campaign against the Quinquegentiani as the mint was only opened because of the war. When Maximianus arrived in Carthage sometime in 296- 297, he needed to open a mint to have funds to pay for the war. The types struck in Carthage were also specific to the city and not struck anywhere else in the Empire. The coin type commonly struck throughout the Empire at this time was the GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, a type which Carthage did not even strike. The types Carthage minted were specific to Carthage and current events, like FELIX ADVENT AVGG NN, SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS AVCTA KART and CONSERVATORES KART SVAE (though struck by Maxentius, I believe he was referencing the same victory as he also struck these for his father, Maximianus) which all reference the campaign and demonstrate how grateful the citizens of Carthage were to Maximianus for their salvation from the Quinquegentiani.

"The reverses of either kind[referencing the SALVIS types], are to be referred to Herculius' presence in Africa, his successes against the Quinquegentiani, and in particular his final and triumphal prescence in Carthage itself, where he was in residence as late as March 298." RIC VI pg 415


Trier also issued a type which referenced these events- the FORTVNAE REDUCI reverse "these should echo the successful termination of Constantius' Rhenish campaigns by 299 and of Herculius' African campaign (followed by his visit to Rome) in 298" RIC VI pg 149


Maxentius shut down the mint at Carthage in A.D. 307, but it was re-opened during the revolt of Domitius Alexander for a few years (A.D. 308- 311). When Constantine defeated Maxentius, there was no more need for a mint in Carthage, and it never re-opened during the Constantinian period.



Offline RickieHol

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Re: Maximianus, Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #1 on: April 16, 2019, 09:54:00 AM »
So much turmoil in such a short period of time. Thanks for the write-up, Victor!

Offline Victor

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Re: Maximianus, Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #2 on: April 16, 2019, 07:28:17 PM »
Welcome aboard Rickie.

Offline Victor

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Re: Maximianus, Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #3 on: August 21, 2020, 08:55:48 AM »

I finally stopped procrastinating and made a page about these Carthage coins. I only used RIC VI for reference and it is far from exhaustive as I only illustrate coins that I own or used to own...and no examples for Domitius Alexander-- yet.

If you see any errors, please let me know

http://www.constantinethegreatcoins.com/Carthage/

Offline Gundobad

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Re: Maximianus, Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #4 on: August 21, 2020, 04:23:49 PM »
Thanks, Victor. An excellent presentation on the issues and very easy to use.

Offline Pharsalus

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Re: Maximianus, Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #5 on: August 21, 2020, 09:11:34 PM »
Great page Victor, I think the history of the Roman’s interactions with Africa is so interesting.

I have shown this one before, but here it is again:

 


AE Follis
Maximianus, 286 - 305 CE
Diameter: 28 mm,  Weight: 11.60 grams,  Die Axis: 6h
Obverse: IMP MAXIMIANVS PF AVG
                 Laureate bust to right.
Reverse: SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS FEL KART
                Personification of Carthage standing left, with fruits in both hands.
Mint: B, Carthage

Maybe slightly off topic, but this Wikipedia page “Romans in Sub-Saharan Africa” is interesting if a little short on references:

 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romans_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa

Offline Victor

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Re: Maximianus, Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #6 on: August 21, 2020, 10:04:54 PM »
I have shown this one before, but here it is again:

It's a beauty with lots of silvering. I just ordered an example for Severus II because I realized as I was working on my Carthage page that I did not have any examples for him.


Offline Victor

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Re: Maximianus, Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #7 on: August 29, 2020, 10:09:55 AM »

I just got this one

Constantius I
A.D. 298- 303
26x27mm     8.4g
CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES; laureate head right.
SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS FEL KART; Carthage standing facing, head left, holding fruits in both hands.
In ex Γ
RIC VI Carthage 30a/ 32a


Offline Adriaan78

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Re: Maximianus, Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #8 on: August 29, 2020, 02:33:05 PM »
Nice addition to your website Victor! I have always had a soft spot for these coins from Carthage. I might be wrong but the flans of these coins seem to be different to those of other offices. There are more ragged or crude, at least for a number of the examples in my collection (also seen in some of the examples seen above).     

Offline Victor

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Re: Maximianus, Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #9 on: August 29, 2020, 03:49:31 PM »

Yes, the Carthage issues have a peculiar ragged flan. On my website I mention it--

"Another particular aspect is that these Carthage issues usually have a ragged flan, due to the way they were cast."

The flans seem to have been sand cast or cast in rough clay moulds.

Offline Severus

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Re: Maximianus, Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #10 on: August 30, 2020, 12:34:36 PM »
My very first ancient coin was a Constantius nummus from Carthage... $5 in 2002. Still love the fierce portrait style.


Offline Victor

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Re: Maximianus, Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #11 on: August 30, 2020, 01:39:20 PM »

Constantius does seem to have a scowl because of his arched eyebrow.

Offline Victor

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Re: Maximianus, Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #12 on: September 26, 2020, 02:53:33 PM »
Still love the fierce portrait style.

I just got this one and it reminded me of John Belushi in Animal House


Offline Victor

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Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #13 on: November 06, 2020, 10:43:40 AM »
I just got this example for Constantius I, the silvering has a golden tone to it.

Constantius I
A.D. 298- 303
27mm      9.2g
CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES; laureate head right.
SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS FEL KART; Carthage standing facing, head left, holding fruits in both hands.
In ex Γ
RIC VI Carthage 30a/ 32a

Offline Victor

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Re: Carthage and the Quinquegentiani
« Reply #14 on: April 26, 2021, 10:10:24 PM »
I just got this Maximianus...it has an interesting die break on the reverse and is my heaviest Carthage coin at 11.2g


Maximianus
A.D. 303
27mm       11.2g
IMP MAXIMIANVS P F AVG; Laureate head right.
SALVIS AVGG ET CAESS FEL KART; Carthage standing facing, head left, holding fruits in both hands; H in left field.
In ex. B
RIC VI Carthage 33b